Title 18 . Environmental Conservation

Chapter 80 . Administrative Enforcement

Section 1990. Definitions, abbreviations, and symbols

18 AAC 80.1990. Definitions, abbreviations, and symbols

(a) Unless the context indicates otherwise, in this chapter

(1) repealed 1/11/2004;

(2) "acute risk" means a possible source of a hazard, danger, loss, or injury that could quickly affect public health;

(3) "ANSI" means the American National Standards Institute, Inc.;

(4) "approved" and "approval" mean approved by or the approval of the department;

(5) "aquifer" means a formation, a group of formations, or part of a formation that contains sufficient saturated permeable material to yield economical quantities of water to wells and springs;

(6) "AWWA" means the American Water Works Association;

(7) "backflow" means the flow, in a direction opposite to the normal flow, of a foreign liquid, gas, or substance into the collection or distribution system of a public water system;

(8) "best available technology" means the best technology, treatment technique, or other means that the department finds is available, after examining it for effectiveness under field conditions and laboratory conditions, and after taking cost into consideration;

(9) "bottled water" means water that is sealed in bottles or other containers and intended for human consumption;

(10) "cathodic protection well" means an artificial excavation to install equipment or facilities for the protection of metallic equipment in contact with the ground;

(11) "certified laboratory" means a laboratory certified by the department under 18 AAC 80.1100 - 18 AAC 80.1110 or by the EPA;

(12) "Class A public water system" means a public water system that is a

(A) community water system; or

(B) non-transient non-community water system;

(13) "Class B public water system" means a public water system that is not a Class A public water system, and that

(A) is a transient non-community water system; or

(B) regularly serves at least 25 individuals each day for at least 60 days of the year;

(14) "Class C public water system" means a public water system that is not a Class A public water system, a Class B public water system, or a private water system;

(15) "cleanout" has the meaning given in 18 AAC 72.990;

(16) "coagulation" means a process using coagulant chemicals and mixing by which colloidal and suspended materials are destabilized and agglomerated into flocs;

(17) "coliform" means

(A) aerobic and facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria that ferment lactose with gas production within 48 hours at 35 degrees Celsius;

(B) aerobic and facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria that produce a dark colony with a metallic sheen within 24 hours at 35 degrees Celsius on an Endo-type medium containing lactose; and

(C) those organisms able to produce the enzyme beta-galactosidase which hydrolyzes substrate present in a chemically defined medium according to EPA approved methods listed in the Manual for the Certification of Laboratories Analyzing Drinking Water, adopted by reference in 18 AAC 80.010(b) , and in accordance with 40 C.F.R. 141.21(f);

(18) "combination-source system" means a public water system that uses a combination of two or more of the following as source water:

(A) a groundwater source;

(B) a surface water source;

(C) a GWUDISW source;

(19) "community sewer line" means that portion of a sewerage serving

(A) one or more multi-family dwellings;

(B) a mobile home park, a trailer park, or a recreational vehicle park;

(C) two or more

(i) single-family homes or duplex;

(ii) commercial establishments;

(iii) industrial establishments; or

(iv) institutions; or

(D) a combination of two or more of the structures listed in (C)(i) - (iv) of this paragraph;

(20) "compliance cycle" means the nine calendar-year cycle during which the owner or operator of a public water system must monitor; the first compliance cycle begins January 1, 1993 and ends December 31, 2001; the second compliance cycle begins January 1, 2002 and ends December 31, 2010; the third compliance cycle begins January 1, 2011 and ends December 31, 2019;

(21) "compliance period" means a set three-year calendar-year period during which the owner or operator of a public water system must monitor; three compliance periods make up a compliance cycle; the first compliance period is the first three calendar years of a compliance cycle; the second compliance period is the middle three calendar years of a compliance cycle; the third compliance period is the last three calendar years of a compliance cycle;

(22) "composite sample" means a sample created by a certified laboratory by mixing equal parts of water from up to five different samples;

(23) "compositing" means using or creating a composite sample;

(24) "confirmation sample" means a second sample collected at the same sampling point as the first sample and used for re-analysis;

(25) "confluent growth" or "CG" means a continuous bacterial growth covering the entire filtration area of a membrane filter, or a portion of one, in which bacterial colonies are not discrete;

(26) "consecutive public water system" means a public water system that is provided water by another public water system;

(27) "contaminant" means a physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance or material in water that, in sufficient quantity, makes water unfit for human consumption;

(28) "contamination" means the presence in water of

(A) a contaminant at a level exceeding a maximum contaminant level set by 18 AAC 80.300 or the lead or copper action level established under 40 C.F.R. 141.80, adopted by reference in 18 AAC 80.101; or

(B) any other contaminant in sufficient quantity to make the water unfit for human consumption;

(29) "conventional filtration treatment" means a series of processes that results in substantial particulate removal; "conventional filtration treatment" includes coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration;

(30) repealed 1/11/2004;

(31) "corrosivity" means the tendency of internal water to oxidize piping and appurtenances; a noncorrosive water is characterized by a slightly positive Langelier index, a driving force index greater than 1.0, or an aggressive index greater than or equal to 12.0 for asbestos-cement pipe;

(32) "cross-connection" means a physical arrangement by which a public water system is connected, directly or indirectly, with an unapproved water system, sewer, drain, conduit, pool, storage reservoir, plumbing fixture, or other device that contains, or might contain, wastewater or other substances of unknown or unsafe quality that might be capable of contaminating the water supply through backflow; "cross-connection" includes a bypass arrangement, jumper connection, removable section, swivel or change-over device, and other temporary, permanent, or potential connection through which, or because of which, backflow could occur;

(33) "CT" or "CTcalc" means the result obtained by multiplying the residual disinfectant concentration (C), in mg/l, determined before or at the first customer, and the corresponding disinfectant contact time (T), in minutes;

(34) "CT 99.9 " is the CT value required for 99.9 percent (3-log) inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts;

(35) repealed 1/11/2004;

(36) "decommission" means to fill or plug a well so that it is rendered unproductive and does not produce water or serve as a channel for water movement;

(37) "demonstrate" or "demonstration" means to prove or proof through documentation or other evidence to the department's satisfaction;

(38) "department" means the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation;

(39) "design criteria" means information and numerical data such as rates, loadings, and other parameters upon which a specific facility design is based; "design criteria" include

(A) engineering guidelines that specify construction details and materials; and

(B) objectives, results, or limits that a facility, structure, or process must meet in the performance of its intended function;

(40) "detected" means that the analytical result exceeds the detection limit specified for the method used to analyze a contaminant;

(41) "diatomaceous earth filtration" means a filtration process in which

(A) particles are substantially removed from the water; and

(B) water is passed through a precoat cake of diatomaceous earth filter media that is deposited on a support membrane while additional filter media known as body feed are continuously added to the feed water in order to maintain the permeability of the filter cake;

(42) "direct filtration" means a series of processes, including coagulation and filtration, that result in substantial particulate removal; "direct filtration" does not include sedimentation;

(43) "director" means the director of the department's division assigned to environmental health;

(44) "disinfectant" means an oxidant or equivalent agent that is intended to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms and that is added to water during the treatment or distribution process; "disinfectant" includes chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, and ozone;

(45) "disinfectant contact time" means

(A) if only one measurement is taken of residual disinfection concentration, the time in minutes for water to move from the point of disinfectant application to a point before or at the point of the measurement;

(B) if more than one measurement is taken of residual disinfectant concentration,

(i) for the first measurement, the time in minutes for water to move from the first or only point of disinfectant application to a point before or at the point of the first measurement; and

(ii) for subsequent measurements, the time in minutes for water to move from the previous measurement point to the measurement point for which the particular disinfectant contact time is being calculated;

(C) for pipelines, the result obtained by dividing the internal volume of the pipe by the maximum hourly flow rate through that pipe; and

(D) for mixing basins and storage reservoirs, the result determined by tracer studies or an equivalent demonstration;

(46) "disinfection" means a process that inactivates pathogenic organisms in water by chemical oxidants or equivalent agents;

(47) "distribution system" means post-treatment storage facilities, conduits, mains, lines, fixtures, pumping stations, or other devices used to carry water to the consumer;

(48) "domestic or other nondistribution system plumbing problem" means, in a public water system with more than one service connection, a coliform contamination problem that is limited to the specific service connection from which the coliform positive sample was taken;

(49) "DPD" means N-N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine;

(50) "drinking water" means water that is provided for human consumption;

(51) "duplex" means a single structure designed to house two single-family dwelling units;

(52) repealed 1/11/2004;

(53) repealed 1/11/2004;

(54) "engineering plans" means a set of plans signed, sealed, and dated by a registered engineer;

(55) "EPA" means the United States Environmental Protection Agency;

(56) "fill-and-draw system" means a water system where the storage tanks are filled with treated water on an intermittent basis, while water is drawn as needed from the storage tanks;

(57) "filtration" means a process to remove particulate matter from water by passage through porous media;

(58) repealed 1/11/2004;

(59) "flocculation" means a process to enhance agglomeration or collection of smaller floc particles into larger, more easily settleable particles through gentle stirring by hydraulic or mechanical means;

(60) "gross alpha particle activity" means the total radioactivity due to alpha particle emission as inferred from measurements on a dry sample; "gross alpha particle activity" includes the radioactivity of radium-226; "gross alpha particle activity" does not include the radioactivity of radon and uranium;

(61) "gross beta particle activity" means the total radioactivity due to beta particle emission as inferred from measurements on a dry sample;

(62) "groundwater" means water beneath the surface of the ground; "groundwater" does not include GWUDISW;

(63) "groundwater system" means a public water system that uses only groundwater as source water;

(64) "groundwater under the direct influence of surface water" or "GWUDISW" means water beneath the surface of the ground with

(A) a significant occurrence of

(i) insects or other macroorganisms;

(ii) algae; or

(iii) microorganisms, including Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia; or

(B) significant and relatively rapid shifts in water characteristics such as turbidity, temperature, conductivity, or pH that closely correlate to climatological or surface water conditions;

(65) "heterotrophic plate count" or "HPC" means the procedure for estimating the number of live heterotrophic bacteria in a water sample;

(66) "holding tank" means a watertight vessel or tank for the temporary storage of wastewater, urine, or excrement; "holding tank" includes a vault privy; "holding tank" does not include a pit privy;

(67) "human consumption" means the use of water for drinking, bathing, showering, cooking, dishwashing, maintaining oral hygiene, and other similar uses;

(68) "infiltration gallery" means a system

(A) of perforated pipes, cribbed pits, or similar collection devices that are laid along the banks or under the bed of a stream, lake, or other surface waterbody; and

(B) that is installed to collect water from the formation beneath or adjacent to the waterbody;

(69) "innovative technology or device" means water system technology that is new, non-conventional, alternative, or untested in this state; "innovative technology or device" includes technology related to

(A) disinfection methods;

(B) removal of Giardia lamblia ;

(C) particulate reduction;

(D) turbidity reduction;

(E) storage tank materials; and

(F) computer models for water treatment;

(70) "inspection" means an onsite review by an individual approved by the department to determine compliance with this chapter;

(71) repealed 1/11/2004;

(72) "lead-free" means

(A) for solder or flux, containing not more than 0.2 percent lead;

(B) for pipe or pipefittings, containing not more than eight percent lead; and

(C) with respect to plumbing fittings and fixtures intended by the manufacturer to dispense water for human ingestion, fittings and fixtures that are in compliance with voluntary standards and testing protocols for the leaching of lead in accordance with 42 U.S.C. 300g-6(e);

(73) repealed 1/11/2004;

(74) " Legionella " means a genus of bacteria, some species of which cause a type of pneumonia called Legionnaires Disease;

(75) "maximum contaminant level" or "MCL" means the maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water that is delivered to any user of a public water system;

(76) "MDL" means method detection limit;

(77) repealed 1/11/2004;

(78) "microbial contaminant" means a living organism in water, that is not visible individually without a microscope, and that, in sufficient quantity, makes the water unsafe for human consumption; "microbial contaminants" include bacteria, viruses and parasites such as Cryptosporidium parvum ;

(79) "MIL" means Military Standards and Specifications;

(80) "monthly average" means the result obtained by dividing the sum of the result of sample analyses taken in a month by the number of samples taken during that month;

(81) "multi-family dwelling" means a dwelling unit housing more than two single-family residences;

(82) "near the first service connection" means within the first 20 percent of all service connections after the water supply treatment facility, as measured by water transport time within the distribution system;

(83) repealed 1/11/2006;

(84) "new Class A public water system" means

(A) a Class A public water system that is constructed after October 1, 1999;

(B) a Class A public water system that has not received a public water system identification number under 18 AAC 80.210(c) (3) as of October 1, 1999; or

(C) an existing water system other than a Class A public water system, if as a result of expanding its infrastructure, the system falls within the definition of a Class A public water system;

(85) "nonpoint source" means a source of pollution other than a point source; "nonpoint source" includes a discharge of pollutants from the use of pesticides to control insect and weed pests on agricultural areas, on forest lands, in the home and in gardens, and from other land application uses of pesticides;

(86) "nonresidential," with respect to buildings, means occupied by an individual, but not as that individual's primary place of abode;

(87) "NSF" means NSF International;

(88) "NTU" means nephelometric turbidity unit;

(89) repealed 1/11/2004;

(90) "organic drilling fluid" means a synthetic polymer drilling fluid that is not specifically designed for use in the potable water well drilling industry;

(91) "owner or operator" means the owner or operator of a public water system;

(92) "para-dichlorobenzene" means 1,4-dichlorobenzene;

(93) "performance evaluation sample" means an unknown sample provided by a source external to the laboratory;

(94) "pilot" means serving as an experimental trial apparatus or operation in which processes or techniques planned for use in full-scale operation are tested in advance;

(95) "pilot plant study" means an evaluation, on a scale larger than laboratory or bench scale but smaller than full scale, of the amenability of drinking water or wastewater to treatment with the proposed method, operation, or process;

(96) "pit privy" has the meaning given in 18 AAC 72.990;

(97) "point of disinfectant application" means the point where the disinfectant is applied and where water downstream of that point is not subject to recontamination by surface water runoff;

(98) "point-of-entry treatment device" means a water treatment device that is located where water enters a building and before the point of use, and is for the purpose of reducing contaminants in the drinking water distributed throughout that building;

(99) "point-of-use treatment device" means a water treatment device applied to a single tap and used for the purpose of reducing contaminants in drinking water at that one tap;

(100) "point source" means a discernible, confined, and discrete conveyance of pollution; "point source" includes

(A) a pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, container, rolling stock, or vessel or other floating craft from which pollutants are or could be discharged;

(B) spills and leaks of chemicals at or near a water treatment, manufacturing, distribution, or storage facility; and

(C) spills and leaks from hazardous and municipal waste landfills and other waste handling or treatment facilities;

(101) "pollution" has the meaning given in AS 46.03.900 ;

(102) "potable water system" means a source of water, intake works, collection system, water treatment works, storage facility, or distribution system from which water is available for human consumption;

(103) "private sewer line" has the meaning given in 18 AAC 72.990;

(104) "private water system" means a potable water system serving one single-family residence or duplex;

(105) "professional geologist" means a geologist certified under AS 08.02.011 ;

(106) "public utility" has the meaning given in AS 42.05.990 ;

(107) "public water system"

(A) means an intake works, collection system, water treatment works, storage facility, constructed conveyance, distribution main, or vehicle that provides water for human consumption to

(i) one or more multi-family dwellings;

(ii) a factory, office building, restaurant, school, or similar facility; or

(iii) two or more duplexes or single-family residences; and

(B) does not include a private water system;

(108) "quality assurance" means ensuring that analytical data is of a known and documented degree of excellence; "quality assurance" covers the general areas of accuracy, completeness, representativeness, and comparability of data;

(109) "quality assurance plan" means a totally integrated program for quality assurance, ensuring reliability of measurement data;

(110) "quarter" or "quarterly" means January through March, April through June, July through September, or October through December;

(111) "rain catchment system" means a public water system for which the primary source of drinking water is precipitation caught by a manmade device;

(112) "record drawings" means the original plans prepared for construction and department approval, revised to reflect how the system was constructed or installed;

(113) "regional health corporation" means a federally recognized corporation under 25 U.S.C. 450f that receives federal money for the purpose of providing health care to Alaska Natives;

(114) "registered engineer" means a professional engineer registered to practice in this state under AS 08.48;

(115) "repeat compliance period" means a subsequent compliance period after the initial compliance period;

(116) "repeat sample" means a follow-up sample taken in the same way as a routine sample to confirm the results obtained from a routine sample;

(117) "resident" means an individual occupying a dwelling unit as a primary place of abode;

(118) "residual disinfectant concentration" means the concentration of disinfectant measured in mg/l in a representative sample of water;

(119) "routine maintenance" means activity normally required to maintain the components of a public water system in good working order; "routine maintenance" includes the replacement of a pump, 40 feet or less of pipe, a valve, valve coating, a hydro-pneumatic tank, or a storage tank; "routine maintenance" does not include changes that affect the system's configuration, material, treatment, or capacity;

(120) "routine sample" means a sample required by 18 AAC 80.300 - 18 AAC 80.355, 18 AAC 80.405, or 18 AAC 80.500 - 18 AAC 80.565;

(121) "sampling site" means a location identified within a distribution system of a public water system where a water sample is collected for analysis;

(122) "sanitary defect" means a condition that poses a threat to the microbiological quality of water;

(123) "sanitary seal" means a device that

(A) is attached to the top of a well casing or pipe sleeve;

(B) prevents insects, dirt, or water or other liquid from entering the well under normal conditions; and

(C) allows air to flow in and out of the well;

(124) "sanitary survey"

(A) means a review consisting of

(i) an onsite inspection and review of the water source, treatment, the distribution system, finished water storage, each pump and pump facility and controls, monitoring, reporting, data verification, and management and operation of a public water system to evaluate the adequacy of the source, facilities, equipment, operation, and maintenance for producing and distributing safe drinking water; and

(ii) a review of operator compliance with 18 AAC 74 and this chapter; and

(B) includes writing, signing, and submitting the completed report to the department and owner;

(125) "sealed" means prepared by a registered engineer or an individual under that engineer's direct supervision, and bearing the signature and seal of that engineer as required by AS 08.48.221 and 12 AAC 36.185;

(126) "sedimentation" means a process that removes solids from water by gravity or separation and before filtration;

(127) "septic tank" has the meaning given in 18 AAC 72.990;

(128) "serve" means to cause or allow the provision of water for human consumption;

(129) "service connection" means a single building or structure that receives water for human consumption from a public water system; "service connection" includes a residence, school, hospital, clinic, office, restaurant, gas station, hotel, motel, washeteria, or watering point; "service connection" does not include mobile facilities; for purposes of this paragraph, "mobile facilities" includes planes, boats, recreational vehicles, and tents;

(130) "service line" means the pipe works that extend from a water distribution main line to a single service connection;

(131) repealed 1/11/2004;

(132) "sewer and sewer line" have the meanings given in 18 AAC 72.990;

(133) "sewerage" has the meaning given in 18 AAC 72.990;

(134) repealed 1/11/2004;

(135) "slow sand filtration" means a process involving passage of water through a bed of sand at low velocity, resulting in substantial particulate removal by physical and biological mechanisms;

(136) repealed 1/11/2004;

(137) "soil absorption system" has the meaning given in 18 AAC 72.990;

(138) "surface water" means water that is open to the atmosphere and subject to surface runoff;

(139) "surface water system" means a public water system that uses only surface water for a source;

(140) repealed 1/11/2004;

(141) repealed 1/11/2004;

(142) repealed 1/11/2004;

(143) "too numerous to count," with respect to the total number of bacterial colonies, means in excess of 200 on a 47-mm diameter membrane filter used for coliform detection;

(144) "total trihalomethanes" or "TTHM" means the sum of the concentrations in mg/l of bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, tribromomethane (bromoform), and trichloromethane (chloroform);

(145) "total trihalomethane formation potential" or "TTHMFP" means the maximum amount of total trihalomethans formed when all the organics are chlorinated;

(146) "total xylenes" means the sum of ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, and para-xylene concentrations;

(147) "treatment technique requirement" means a requirement in this chapter that specifies for a contaminant a treatment technique that leads to a reduction in the level of a contaminant sufficient to satisfy an MCL listed at 18 AAC 80.300;

(148) "turbidity event" means

(A) one 24-hour period during which at least one turbidity measurement under 18 AAC 80.620(b) (2) exceeded five NTUs; or

(B) two or more consecutive days during which at least one turbidity measurement each day under 18 AAC 80.620(b) (2) exceeded five NTUs;

(149) "UL" means Underwriters Laboratories;

(150) "unusual and unpredictable circumstances" means events with a low probability of occurrence;

(151) "utilidor" has the meaning given in 18 AAC 72.990;

(152) "vault privy" means a holding tank with a seat or seats, or other appurtenances attached, that allows for excretion of human wastes directly into the tank;

(153) "virus" means a virus of fecal origin that is infectious to humans by waterborne transmission;

(154) "volatile organic chemical" or "VOC" means a carbon-based compound with the property of escaping easily from water into the air;

(155) "vulnerable" means at risk of being contaminated by VOCs;

(156) "waiver review area" means the area around a water source that is evaluated for activities that may use, store, or dispose of synthetic organic chemicals and other organic chemicals;

(157) "wastewater" has the meaning given in 18 AAC 72.990;

(158) "wastewater disposal system" has the meaning given in 18 AAC 72.990;

(159) "wastewater treatment works" has the meaning given in 18 AAC 72.990;

(160) "waterborne disease outbreak" means a significant occurrence of acute infectious illness, epidemiologically associated with the ingestion of water from a public water system that is deficient in treatment;

(161) "water hauler" means a public water system that consists of one or more vehicles that are owned by the same person and used to distribute potable water; "water hauler" does not include vehicles owned or operated solely by a community as part of the community's Class A public water system;

(162) "watering point" means a common tap from which a community obtains potable water;

(163) "water treatment works" means the structure and appurtenances, including chemical feeders, coagulation and sedimentation tanks, filtration devices, ion exchange apparatus, aeration tanks, or other works, used to condition, purify, or refine water for human consumption;

(164) "well" means an excavation, opening, shaft, or hole from which water can be extracted;

(165) "well log" means a written report that includes

(A) a description and classification of soil and ice strata and the depths at which they are encountered;

(B) the depth to groundwater;

(C) the depth of the well;

(D) the length, diameter, wall thickness and type of casing;

(E) the location of perforations in casing or screen;

(F) the geographic location of the well;

(G) the yield and draw down test; and

(H) the names of the owner and the well driller;

(166) "working day" means a day other than Saturday, Sunday, or a state holiday;

(167) "chloramines" means a group of chlorine ammonia compounds formed when chlorine combines with ammonia or organic nitrogen in the water;

(168) "community water system" means a Class A public water system that serves at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25 year-round residents;

(169) "combined chlorine" means the concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia, organic nitrogen, or both in water as a chloramine or other chloroderivative;

(170) "free chlorine" means the amount of chlorine available as dissolved gas, hypochlorous acid, or hypochlorite ion that is not combined with an amine or other organic compound;

(171) "haloacetic acids (five)" or "HAA5" means the sum of the concentrations in milligrams per liter of the haloacetic acid compounds consisting of monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid, rounded to two significant figures after addition;

(172) "maximum residual disinfectant level" or "MRDL" means a level of a disinfectant added for water treatment that may not be exceeded at the consumer's tap without an unacceptable possibility of adverse health effects;

(173) "non-community water system" means a non-transient non-community water system or a transient non-community water system;

(174) "non-transient non-community water system" means a Class A public water system that is not a community water system and that regularly serves at least 25 of the same individuals over six months per year;

(175) "significant deficiency" means a problem with a public water system

(A) that has a moderate probability of resulting in or has resulted in the introduction of contamination into water that by itself could pose an acute public health risk; and

(B) caused by a

(i) defect in a public water system's design, operation, or maintenance; or

(ii) failure, malfunction, or defect of a public water system's treatment, storage, distribution, or security system;

(176) "total chlorine" means the total concentration of chlorine in water, including the combined chlorine and the free chlorine that are present in water;

(177) "transient non-community water system" means a non-community water system that does not regularly serve at least 25 of the same individuals over six months per year;

(178) "critical deficiency" means a problem with a public water system

(A) that has a high probability of resulting in or has resulted in the introduction of contamination into water that by itself could cause imminent system failure, illness, harm, or loss of human life; and

(B) caused by a

(i) defect in a public water system's design, operation, or maintenance; or

(ii) failure, malfunction, or defect of a public water system's treatment, storage, distribution, or security system;

(179) "deficiency" means a problem with a public water system

(A) that has a slight probability of resulting in or has resulted in the introduction of contamination into water that by itself could cause system failure, or a public health risk; and

(B) caused by a

(i) defect in a public water system's design, operation, or maintenance; or

(ii) failure, malfunction, or defect of a public water system's treatment, storage, distribution, or security system;

(180) "holding time" means the time elapsed from the time a water sample is gathered into the sample bottle until it is analyzed;

(181) "install" means to construct or fabricate components necessary to create a public water system or a portion of a public water system; installation may be done by the owner or an individual who is contracted to do the work for the owner;

(182) "trihalomethane" means one of the family of organic compounds, named as derivatives of methane, in which three of the four hydrogen atoms in methane are each substituted by a halogen atom in the molecular structure.

(b) In this chapter,

(1) "mg/l" means milligrams per liter and equals parts per million;

(2) "ml" means milliter;

(3) "mm" means millimeter;

(4) "mrem" means millirems;

(5) " mg/l " means micrograms per liter, and equals parts per billion;

(6) " mm " means micrometer;

(7) "pCi/l" means picocuries per liter;

(8) "ó" means less than or equal to;

(9) "ò" means greater than or equal to; and

(10) " S" means the sum of.

History: Eff. 10/1/99, Register 151; am 3/25/2001, Register 157; am 9/28/2001, Register 159; am 1/11/2004, Register 169; am 1/11/2006, Register 177

Authority: AS 46.03.010

AS 46.03.020

AS 46.03.050

AS 46.03.070

AS 46.03.710

AS 46.03.720