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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF ALASKA
GARETH R. DEMOSKI,
Court of Appeals No. A-12620
Appellant, Trial Court No. 4FA-13-01862 CI
v.
O P I N I O N
STATE OF ALASKA,
Appellee. No. 2652 - August 23, 2019
Appeal from the Superior Court, Fourth Judicial District,
Fairbanks, Bethany S. Harbison, Judge.
Appearances: Michael Horowitz, Law Office of Michael
Horowitz, Kingsley, Michigan, under contract with the Office
of Public Advocacy, Anchorage, for the Appellant. RuthAnne
B. Bergt, Assistant Attorney General, Office of Criminal
Appeals, Anchorage, and Jahna Lindemuth and Kevin G.
Clarkson, Attorneys General, Juneau, for the Appellee.
Before: Allard, Chief Judge, and Suddock and E. Smith, Senior
Superior Court Judges.*
Judge SMITH.
* Sitting by assignment made pursuant to Article IV, Section 11 of the Alaska
Constitution and Administrative Rule 23(a).
----------------------- Page 2-----------------------
Gareth R. Demoski appeals the superior court's dismissal of his application
for post-conviction relief. On appeal, Demoski concedes that the superior court correctly
ruled that the petition for post-conviction relief filed by Demoski's attorney was barred
on procedural grounds. But Demoski contends that because the petition appeared to be
frivolous on its face, and because his attorney failed to offer any substantive explanation
for why it was not frivolous, Demoski is entitled to a remand ordering the attorney to file
a certificate of no merit or otherwise to cure the defect in the petition. We agree, and we
remand the case for further proceedings.
Factual and procedural background
Demoski was charged with several felonies arising from his alleged sexual
assaults of three women over the course of a year. These charges were consolidated for
trial. A jury convicted Demoski of the charges relating to two of the women, but was
1
unable to reach a verdict on the charges relating to the third woman.
Demoski appealed his conviction to this Court, arguing that the charges
were improperly joined in a single indictment in violation of Alaska Criminal Rule 8(a),
and that, even if the charges were properly joined in the indictment, the trial court should
have granted Demoski's motion to sever under Alaska Criminal Rule 14. We rejected
2
both arguments.
Demoski then filed a pro se applicationfor post-conviction relief. Demoski
wasappointed counsel, whoreviewed thetrial transcripts,court files, and appellatebriefs
1 Demoski v. State, 2012 WL 4480674, at *1 (Alaska App. Sept. 26, 2012)
(unpublished).
2 Id.
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----------------------- Page 3-----------------------
and then filed an amended application for post-conviction relief alleging ineffective
assistance of trial counsel.
After this, Demoski's attorneyreviewedadditional trial files and spokewith
trial counsel. He then filed a second amended application for post-conviction relief in
which he abandoned his ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim. In this amended
application, he alleged that "Demoski's conviction was in violation of both federal and
state constitutions, and the laws of Alaska, based on the unconstitutional joinder of the
three separate offenses, resulting in a denial of his rights to due process of law and a fair
trial." The attorney's only explanation of this change was that he had "concluded, in
good faith, that the initial claims of ineffective assistance of counsel would not be
successful" and that he was "doing [Demoski] no good by pursuing the ineffective
assistance of counsel angle."
The State moved to dismiss Demoski's second amended application,
arguing that Demoski's improper joinder claim was procedurally barred because it had
3
been, or could have been, raised on direct appeal.
Demoski's attorney filed a skeletal
opposition that made no substantive response; instead, he simply asserted that the second
amended application complied with relevant state laws and court rules.
The superior court agreed with the State that Demoski's joinder claim was
procedurally barred, and the court granted the State's motion to dismiss.
Demoski now appeals. On appeal, Demoski concedes that the improper
joinder argument made by his attorney was procedurally barred. Instead, Demoski
4
argues that he is entitled to a remand under our opinion in Tazruk v. State. We agree
3 See AS 12.72.020(a)(2).
4 Tazruk v. State, 67 P.3d 687 (Alaska App. 2003).
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----------------------- Page 4-----------------------
with Demoski. To explain why, we first need to discuss Alaska Criminal Rule 35.1(e)(2)
5
and our opinions in Tazruk and Griffin v. State .
Criminal Rule 35.1(e)(2), Griffin, and Tazruk
Alaska Criminal Rule 35.1 sets forth the procedural rules for post-
conviction relief proceedings. Subsection (e)(1) of Rule 35.1 provides that an indigent
applicant shall be appointed counsel. Subsection (e)(2) explains that upon being
appointed to a post-conviction relief case, counsel has three options: (1) counsel may
proceed on the claims alleged in the original application; (2) counsel may file an
amended application; or (3) counsel may file a certificate of no merit stating that the
claims presented in the original application have no arguable merit, and that the applicant
has no other colorable claims for post-conviction relief.
In Griffin v. State, we held that a certificate of no merit filed under Criminal
Rule 35.1(e)(2) "must fully explain why the attorney believe[d] that the petitioner has
no colorable claim to post-conviction relief[,]" including a "full explanation of all the
claims the attorney has considered and why the attorney has concluded that these claims
6
are frivolous." We explained that this was necessary in order to assure that the court
could "meaningfully assess and independently evaluate the attorney's assertion that the
7
petitioner has no arguable claim to raise." (This requirement is now codified in
Criminal Rule 35.1(e)(3).)
We have recognized that the procedure described in Griffin can be an
onerous one, and that an attorney might attempt to avoid this procedure by instead filing
5 Griffin v. State, 18 P.3d 71 (Alaska App. 2001).
6 Id. at 77.
7 Id.
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----------------------- Page 5-----------------------
frivolous claims or by allowing a pro se litigant's facially inadequate application to go
8 9
forward without amendment.
We faced such a situation in Tazruk. Tazruk filed a pro
se application for post-conviction relief, and his court-appointed attorney elected to
10
The State moved to dismiss the petition, arguing that
proceed on the pro se application.
Tazruk had failed to present a prima facie case. Tazruk's attorney did not respond to the
State's argument, and the superior court dismissed the petition, essentially finding that
11
it was deficient on its face.
On appeal, Tazruk's appellate attorney did not challenge the superior
court's dismissal of his application. Instead, the attorney filed an Anders brief - a brief
12
stating that the appeal had no arguable merit.
Weagreed with thesuperior court's conclusion that thepetitionwasfacially
deficient, but this did not end our inquiry into Tazruk's case. We reasoned that, on the
record before us, Tazruk's post-conviction relief attorney either did not realize that
Tazruk's claims were facially inadequate, in which case Tazruk did not receive effective
assistance of counsel, or the attorney knew that Tazruk's claims were facially inadequate
and so should have filed a no-merit certificate as required by Criminal Rule 35.1(e)(2)
and Griffin. Because "[t]he record show[ed] only the attorney's inaction and ultimate
concession of defeat," that record was "insufficient to allow the courts to carry out their
8 Tazruk, 67 P.3d at 694 (Coats, J., concurring).
9 Id. at 688.
10 Id. at 688-89.
11 In particular, the trial court found that one of the claims was factually inaccurate, one
was legally inaccurate, two were unsupported by any reasons or evidence, and one (alleging
ineffective assistance of counsel) was not accompanied by the required affidavit from the
trial attorney. Id. at 689-90.
12 Id. at 692 (Coats, J., concurring); see Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967).
- 5 - 2652
----------------------- Page 6-----------------------
constitutional duty to make sure that an indigent petitioner receives zealous and
13
competent representation."
We accordingly remanded the case to the superior court so
that the attorney could file a no-merit certificate that complied with Griffin.
Our rationale in Tazruk is not limited to cases where an attorney elects to
proceed on an applicant's deficient original pro se complaint. For example, we have
applied the same reasoning to a situation where counsel filed an amended application for
post-conviction relief that was deficient on its face, and counsel did not respond
14
substantively to the State's opposition. We have also applied Tazruk to a case, similar
to this one, where the attorney relied on an application filed by the petitioner that
15
appeared to be procedurally barred, without further explanation. Our focus has been
on whether the petition before the court was plainly deficient on its face, whether the
attorney sought to defend the petition, and whether the record revealed that the attorney
16
had investigated or analyzed the petitioner's claims or potential claims.
13 Tazruk, 67 P.3d at 691.
14 Vann v. State, 2016 WL 936765, at *1 (Alaska App. Mar. 9, 2016) (unpublished).
15 Duncan v. State, 2008 WL 5025424, at *3 (Alaska App. Nov. 26, 2008)
(unpublished).
16 See id.; see also Beshaw v. State, 2012 WL 1368146, at *6 (Alaska App. Apr. 18,
2012) (unpublished) (counsel did nothing to remedy obvious deficiencies in a pro se PCR
application despite being provided opportunities to do so by the trial court, and the record
was silent as to the attorney's efforts to investigate or analyze the claims); cf. David v. State,
372 P.3d 265, 271 (Alaska App. 2016) (analyzing the same factors but finding relief under
Tazruk not warranted); Charley v. State, 2005 WL 2861694, at *3 (Alaska App. Nov. 2,
2005) (unpublished) (same); Baker v. State, 2006 WL 438687, at *2-3 (Alaska App. Feb. 22,
2006) (unpublished) (same); Van Doren v. State, 2012 WL 1232610, at *2-3 (Alaska App.
Apr. 11, 2012) (unpublished) (same); Alexia v. State , 2018 WL 921535, at *3-4 (Alaska App.
Feb. 14, 2018) (unpublished) (same).
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----------------------- Page 7-----------------------
Our decision in Tazruk is equally applicable here. Demoski's attorney filed
an amended application that any competent attorney would have recognized as
procedurally barred. When the State pointed this out, Demoski's attorney failed to
provide any substantive response - that is, he failed to offer any argument for why the
claim was not procedurally barred. Necessarily, Demoski's attorney either failed to
realize that Demoski's claimwas procedurally barred, or else Demoski's attorney, aware
that the improper joinder argument was frivolous, should have filed a no-merit certificate
as required by Griffin and Criminal Rule 35.1(e). As in Tazruk, the record before us is
insufficient to assure that Demoski received zealous and competent representation. The
same remand we ordered in Tazruk is therefore necessary in this case.
We accordingly remand this case to the superior court to direct Demoski's
attorney to "provide the court with a full explanation of all of the claims the attorney has
17
considered and why the attorney has concluded that these claims are frivolous." If
counsel provides this explanation, the superior court shall allow Demoski to file a
response and then consider the merits of the issue. Alternatively, if counsel concludes
there are non-frivolous claims that may be raised, he may file an amended application
for post-conviction relief asserting those claims.
Some additional guidance to trial courts about facially frivolous post-
conviction relief petitions
In Tazruk we held that the superior court properly dismissed Tazruk's
petition, but we nonetheless remanded his case for further proceedings because the
record was insufficient for us to fulfill our constitutional obligation to ensure that
indigent post-conviction relief litigants receive zealous and competent representation.
17 Griffin v. State, 18 P.3d 71, 77 (Alaska App. 2001); see also Alaska R. Crim. P.
35.1(e)(3).
- 7 - 2652
----------------------- Page 8-----------------------
We now emphasize that this constitutional obligation to ensure that indigent post-
conviction relief litigants receive zealous and competent representation applies equally
to trial courts. When an attorney files an application for post-conviction relief that
appears to be facially defective, and when that attorney fails to offer any substantive
explanation for why it is not defective, the trial court's dismissal of the application
without further action leaves open the possibility that the applicant has not received
18
effective assistance of counsel.
Leaving this issue unresolved can, and often does, lead to an appeal, as in
this case. Such an appeal may protract resolution of the application for a substantial
time, for no good purpose - the end result may be a remand to the superior court to
resolve the effective assistance of counsel issue that the trial court could have resolved
far earlier.
Accordingly, when confronted by an application for post-conviction relief
that appears to be facially deficient, and when the attorney has failed to offer any
substantive explanation for why the application is not facially deficient, we encourage
trial judges to hold a hearing to determine whether the applicant's attorney will elect to
cure the defect, or instead to file a certificate of no merit.
Conclusion
The decision of the trial court is REMANDED to the superior court. On
remand, Demoski's attorney shall provide the superior court with a detailed explanation
18 A petition that is "plainly deficient on its face" generally will fall into one or more of
the following narrow categories: 1) the claims clearly are procedurally barred; 2) the claims
clearly are factually inaccurate (as in Tazruk); 3) the claims are unsupported by any evidence
or argument; or 4) the petition alleges ineffective assistance of counsel, but does not contain
either the required affidavit from trial counsel or an explanation as to why the affidavit could
not be obtained.
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----------------------- Page 9-----------------------
of why he concluded that Demoski's claims had no arguable merit. If it appears to the
superior court that Demoski's attorney reached this conclusion without a competent
investigation of the case, the superior court shall vacate its dismissal of Demoski's
petition and shall appoint a new attorney to represent Demoski. If it appears to the
superior court that Demoski's attorney did engage in a competent investigation of the
case and reasonably concluded that Demoski had no colorable claim for post-conviction
relief, the superior court shall allow Demoski to respond and argue to the contrary. The
superior court shall notify us of its findings and actions within 120 days of the issuance
of this opinion. This deadline can be extended for good cause. We retain jurisdiction
of this appeal.
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